Many
mystery writers include pets in their stories. It adds a cozy element that I
like. An author can show their main character’s softer, human side through
interactions with a pet. How people treat their pets says a lot about them. Although
adding pets occurs frequently in cozies to show the positive slant on
human-animal relations, using pets to show cruelty isn’t an often-used
device—no, it sure isn’t cozy—and yet I’m amazed that in the real world and in
fiction, pet cruelty is overlooked (with the exception of author Sandra
Parshall).
Studies have shown that abusive pet owners are more likely
to abuse humans. Some studies have shown that those who abuse animals are five
times more likely to turn their violence on humans, and the term “abuse” includes murder. Here are a few chilling items listed on PETA's website, which also lists the primary sources for this data.
· Albert DeSalvo (the “Boston Strangler”), who killed 13
women, trapped dogs and cats and shot arrows at them through boxes in his
youth.
· Serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer impaled frogs, cats, and
dogs’ heads on sticks.
· Dennis Rader (the BTK killer), who terrorized people
in Kansas, wrote in a chronological account of his childhood that he hanged a
dog and a cat.
· During the trial of convicted sniper Lee Boyd Malvo, a
psychology professor testified that the teenager, who killed 10 people with a
rifle, had “pelted—and probably killed—numerous cats with marbles from a slingshot
when he was about 14.
· High-school killers such as Kip Kinkel in Springfield,
Oregon, and Luke Woodham, in Pearl, Mississippi, tortured animals before
starting their shooting sprees.
· Columbine High School students Eric Harris and Dylan
Klebold, who shot and killed 12 classmates before turning their guns on
themselves, spoke to their classmates about mutilating animals.
We seem to have a predictive tool, one that correlates animal cruelty to human violence, and we aren’t using it. In April 2012, The Animal Welfare Institute released a study showing that although the FBI is aware of the connection between animal cruelty and human violence and has been since the 1970s, documentation and reporting of animal cruelty crimes is lacking. The FBI is working to include animal cruelty reporting as part of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program, but Idaho, North Dakota and South Dakota still do not have felony statutes for animal cruelty as part of their criminal code.
Here
are other findings from this report (ca-12fbireportfinal040312_0.pdf):
· 67% of offenders are males
· 83% are white
· 46% of animal cruelty crimes are committed in the home
· Almost 27% of cases involve subjects between the ages
of 25-34
For
many, abuses to humans weigh far greater than cruelty to animals. After all, we
kill animals everyday to put food on the table. While that maybe true, to
overlook a correlation that has been accepted by the FBI for the past 40 years
seems shortsighted. After the shooting sprees in the last few months killing
many people, we cannot overlook this correlation as a predictive tool, one that
could be more valuable than psychiatric analysis.
Have
you included animal cruelty as an element in your killer’s profile? As writers,
we need to emphasize this correlation in our writing to educate the public. It’s
not quirky, it’s not creative, and it’s sure not fun or cozy—it’s reality.
I agree completely that animal abuse can be an important indicator of future escalated violence. It's sad our law enforcement organizations haven't found an effected way to track and use that sort of information.
ReplyDeleteI've never included animal abuse in a story for the same reason I don't include child abuse. I just can't bring myself to describe it.
Definitely something to think about including. I would hate to go as far as killing or mutilating an animal in my fiction, but I could maybe include kicking--or ignoring--the dog or something, just to show character. As I type this, the neighbor's dog has been barking for a long time and I assume it's out of water and/or food again. Sad. It's a very nice, quiet dog most of the time.
ReplyDeleteI know that it is hard and might not be the story you want to write, but I think it is a factor that can be included in a manuscript without overpowering a story and the tone. My manuscript, TOASTING FEAR, has a main character who was the victim of child abuse, which effects her, but isn't the focus of the story.
ReplyDeleteEvidently, felony statistics are reported to the FBI by the states, but it appears that most animal abuses aren't considered felonies and go unreported. Unfortunately, all abuse, human or animal, occurs in the home where abuse can occur for years without notice. I hope this is changing, and that the knowledge that one abuse leading to another will catch the psychos before more violence occurs.
In a follow up chapter to the murder, the authorities could find an abused animal and help it. Showing it in this way won't require writers to write the abuse and will get people to correlate the two abuses in their minds.
ReplyDeleteGood points, E. B.!
ReplyDeleteI discovered when I published Under the Dog Star just how many readers flatly refuse to read a book that will leave images of abused animals in their minds. I don't have a detailed description of a dog fight in the book (I wouldn't be able to write it). I do show the results of the abuse, with my protagonist, veterinarian Rachel Goddard, and others helping them. But for many readers, nothing I might say would induce them to give the book a chance.
ReplyDeleteThanks for posting this blog. It's an important subject, one we shouldn't allow people to forget.
Cruelty to animals is one of the factors therapists use to assess quickly how severely a client is. Fire setting, bed-wetting and isolation are other factors.
ReplyDeleteI've noticed on Criminal Minds, the TV show about FBI profilers who go after serial killers, they often mention torturing of animals in the profiles of their suspects.
ReplyDeleteI doubt that any of us would like to write a scene in which an animal is being abused. I couldn't post such a picture. But we are encouraged to profile our characters when we write, listing their characteristics. That is one characteristic that I think writers should consider including since it unfortunately and evidently will add authenticity.
ReplyDeleteWarren--I'm so glad to hear you say that it is a known and that psychologists look for it. Makes me happy to catch these scumballs.
ReplyDeleteThanks for stopping by Sandra. The TV show seems to have it right, Earl. Now if more writers would make use of the correlation. Like I said, only Sandra seems to make the point in her novels.
ReplyDeleteMy first novel, TAKE THE BAIT, featured a villian who tourtured animals. I used that device precisely because I knew that the psychological profiles of killers often contain evidence of animal abuse. I did NOT, however, show the animals, a cat and an emu, actually being abused--my detective just discovered the gory evidence afterwards. And readers never saw the animals alive, so they were not "characters" in the novel. Like Sandra, I would have a hard time writing a description of something awful happening to an animal in real time. My most recent novel, ANOTHER MAN's TREASURE, has a dog who's based on my own dog. When the fictional dog gets lost, I got quite choked up writing about it!
ReplyDeleteS. W., I'm glad you are aware of the correlation and write about it. There is no requirement to write horrible scenes that no one wants to read.
ReplyDeleteI don't write about animal or child abuse because it would be hard for me to do. I puddle up over stories where animals get lost or die. I could and have read books, like Sandy Parshall's, as long as there isn't a graphic scene taking place where the animal is abused or too much description of the injuries. I've long known a high percentage of animal abusers do go on to abuse or even kill people. I couldn't include a character who was an animal or child abuser, because then the reader would know who my killer was.
ReplyDeleteRevealing so, Gloria, after the fact would be enough to utilize the correlation without have to write it or give too much information to the reader spoiling the suspense.
ReplyDeleteInformative post. I have included this element in a WIP. It is written in as part of a suspect's criminal history.
ReplyDeleteGood for you, Laura. Bravo!
ReplyDeleteAt one time, maybe 10 or 15 years ago, abduction and sexual abuse of young children was a common topic in suspense novels. I couldn't count the number I ran across and couldn't finish. These were books by respected authors, but they read like porn and they turned my stomach. Another type of torture porn in crime fiction involves women or teenage girls. When a book begins with a description of a man stringing a girl up like an animal so he can have his fun with her, I set it aside quickly before I barf. (Real book, written by someone whose name you would probably recognize.) There's still far too much of that around. But the very real problem of animal abuse is seldom touched on, even though it's an enormously important indicator of a person's tendency toward violence against other people. It can be included without resorting to exploitation.
ReplyDeleteI had to give up reading J. A. Konrath because of the horrible aftermath of torture. Usually, he doesn't write the actual torture scene, but what the forensic team finds...it was enough to literally keep me awake nights.
ReplyDeleteThere may be readers who want that, but it's not me. Just that gentle reminder that the suspect could abuse animals, an after the fact witness to the suspect's abuses, etc., that sort of non-visceral type of evidence.
You are right that we have certain taboos that we don’t choose to talk about. I have not used cruelty to animals in any of my stories.
ReplyDeleteI wouldn’t put it on the page, but I might think about including it as history in a suspect’s file.
~ Jim
Another good way to include the correlation. Thanks, Jim.
ReplyDelete