Tuesday, May 6, 2025

AI for Developmental Editing

By James M. Jackson

We’ve been dealing with “Artificial Intelligence” for years. The term was created in 1956 at the Dartmouth Conference.[i] Ten years later, ELIZA, created by Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT, used an early natural language processing program (aka chatbot) to simulate a Rogerian psychotherapist![ii] In the 1970s and 1980s, we all started pressing our phones to indicate 1 for sales, 2 for service, etc. I started using a spellchecker in the mid 1980s.

The good old days.

Now, with massive and inexpensive computing power, AI is engaging in a much wider set of tasks. The software program ProWritingAid, which I have used for years, uses AI to check spelling and grammar. It also checks for a large variety of writing “issues” including writing style, sentence length and variety, readability grade, use of passive voice, adverb use, emotional tells, acronym use and consistency, paragraph complexity, and much more.

It not only spots “errors,” it suggests how to correct the “problem.” I use quotation marks because it is not always right. Often its software becomes confused by complexity, and misidentifies things like dialogue tags, doesn’t realize that a word like goin’ uses an apostrophe to signify the missing g rather than claiming my writing is flawed because I ended a quotation without starting it.

Although not perfect, it is very useful. So, when the ProWritingAid team introduced a Manuscript Analysis feature, I was interested to see how it would do. I recently finished Draft 3 of Niki Undercover (Niki Undercover #2) and knew it still had a few structural problems. Before I tackled those, I asked the Manuscript Analysis to do its thing.

Its report was comprehensive, covering 37 pages. It began by telling me Niki Unleashed is a Thriller (Political Thriller) and provided a story overview and plot outline. The story overview (see below) is accurate, if not inspired. The plot outline caught the chief points but missed the subtlety.

With that start, I was skeptical about how helpful this would be.

But I changed my mind after reading the narrative elements section. It accurately reported three themes and motifs. Fortunately, there was more of this kind of analysis later in the report.

Then it stumbled with its analysis of potential readers that I did not find enlightening. Its “Similar Books” section explained the rationale for its choices, although I did not find the three choices compelling.

It listed characters, their role, character type, story presence, and offered for the top three a similar fictional character. The comparisons were not ones I would have made, but the explanations made sense. A table of contents section that listed narrative person and POV had no value to me.

The real value came in the next two sections.

It uncovered five Narrative Themes and concluded I had used two effectively. The other three themes were underdeveloped. It provided text references for its comments, and for the three “underdeveloped” themes provided suggestions to strengthen them. Two of the underdeveloped themes are underdeveloped because I do not consider them to be major themes. The third, Betrayal and Trust, does play a significant role in the story. Here is its suggestion:

Broad brush, but an accurate assessment and something I can improve in draft 4.

The Plot & Structure section is where ProWritingAid’s AI shined. It discussed seventeen areas in significant detail. Maybe it was trying to sugar-coat the pill, but it reported several things it thought I did well (a compelling premise, clever use of red herrings and suspense in the murder investigation, and fast-paced and action-packed narrative in the second half).

The greatest value was in the things it considered issues.

Several involved inconsistencies it found. While not all of them were actual inconsistencies, the fact it considered them problems means they are things I must clean up.

It was concerned about three plot points it didn’t think I had resolved or had not provided sufficient motivation to justify. (It was right).

Recall that it praised my pacing in the second half of the novel. Issues it highlighted in the first half were an overuse of internal monologue and lengthy explanations of procedures and technical details. Those issues slow the pace.

It also worried about “unclear and inconsistent states and threat levels” and “inconsistent tone and use of humor.” These are two facets of the same issue. One subplot has a different level of threat (personal relations and financial well-being) than the main plot (her life is on the line). While I don’t agree with its suggested solutions, it spotlighted a potential problem I will ask beta readers to express their opinions on.

On characters, it gave me positive marks for a complex and multifaceted protagonist, strong voice and authentic dialogue by the protagonist, and a realistic portrayal of the protagonist’s internal struggles and emotional journey.

It highlighted unclear motivations for two of the other characters—fair assessments, I think.

It also dinged me for “underdeveloped relationships and missing backstory of supporting characters.” This is book two of the series focused on the protagonist. The AI tool hasn’t read book 1, and it wanted more character development for supporting characters. Maybe I should include a few more snippets of backstory, but this isn’t a novel where everyone shares the spotlight and needs to change.

Setting: It praised the use of setting to create tension, but it wanted (depending on the criticism) both more and less detail. It faulted some of the legal procedures I used, as well as some of the FBI/ATF procedures. This isn’t a procedural, so I need to cut corners, but it is an interesting observation that I will think about.

This first use came free of additional cost with my ProWritingAid license. Each future use costs $50. It doesn’t replace a human editor, but I think I received $50 worth of value. My next draft will be stronger based on its findings.

Next month, I’ll talk about how I use ChatGPT to augment this ProWritingAid Manuscript Analysis.

Authors: what are your thoughts on using AI to help improve your stories?

Readers: Do you enjoy learning the behind-the-screen aspects of how we create our novels?



[ii] https://www.csail.mit.edu/news/eliza-wins-peabody-award

James M. Jackson authors the Seamus McCree series. Full of mystery and suspense, these thrillers explore financial crimes, family relationships, and what happens when they mix. To learn more information about Jim and his books, check out his website, https://jamesmjackson.com. You can sign up for his newsletter (and get to read a free Seamus McCree short story).

 


18 comments:

  1. I'm sure that the first time someone painted images on a cave wall that told a story, some bards mourned the demise of the only genuine method of story telling, which was completely oral. Every time someone develops a new tool that assists with story telling, they are met with resistance. AI is a tool. We can rail against it to our own peril, ignore it, or learn to use and control it.

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    1. The difference is AI only exists because its stolen from actual human writers. Everything you learned was stolen without consent by another writer. There are plenty of craft books, classes, and developmental editors like me who could give you the same feedback. You can guess my thoughts on AI.

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    2. I understand your perspective, however, the legal questions about copyright infringement are still working their way through the courts regarding whether AI training was fair use or not -- and I will leave it to the judicial system to determine the legal ramifications including fines and payments to injured authors. I don't see this use of AI as a replacement for developmental editors, but as an adjunct.

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  2. For now, I'm steering clear of AI and ChatGPT, but it's hard to avoid.

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    1. It will likely get better as time goes on. I suggest you keep paying attention to what others are doing.

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  3. Lori Roberts HerbstMay 6, 2025 at 2:01 PM

    I'm still on the fence here. I know the barn door can't be closed, but AI still gives me pause. Quite a bit of it, in fact.

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    1. It's a tool and like any tool it can and will be misused and cause problems -- but it won't go away.

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  4. This is fascinating, Jim. You're right. It's here to stay.

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    1. Yep - adapt early or late, but we will have to adapt to it.

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  5. Hi Jim, I'm glad you had such a positive experience. These tools can be very helpful for some tasks, but I'm still leery when they jump in uninvited to offer to do writing I prefer to do myself. There are way too many unintended consequences to this whole world of AI.

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    1. As I mentioned, I don't have it do rewrites for me -- because I know how to fix things. If, however, I were earlier in my learning process, I can see how asking it to rewrite a paragraph three different ways and explain why it did each one would be very helpful in learning how to write better -- again, not to use it's revision, but rather to learn from its collective experience. To Korina's point, a good editor or writing coach could do a better job, but much more expensively. Get 80% for free and pay for the 20% you really need.

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  6. Debra H. GoldsteinMay 6, 2025 at 6:10 PM

    Interesting blog as I wasn't familiar with this tool. I heard an add on the radio as I was driving today about an AI tool that can be used to make a Father's Day gift. You feed it the name of the father, the author the father likes, possibly a book title, and ask it to write a short book in the same style. As it says, the perfect gift for dad.

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    1. I'm sure there will be more and more AI-written books available. Which is why we each need to lean in to what makes us a unique author.

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  7. Hi Jim...you opened the proverbial "can of worms" here. As you, no doubt expected, many of the comments are noncommittal. It seems the writers who commented are mostly on team "Wait and See." As an unpublished writer, I'm open to learning and receiving ideas that improve my writing. I appreciate your clear explanation of the various reports that PWA offers. I do plan to give it a whirl and see what I can learn.

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    1. Hi Jane -- I am the guy who opens worm cans to see what's inside and share what I find - which makes some people uncomfortable. I hope you find a lot of value in your research and trials and (unfortunately) errors.

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  8. I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article.Quotation making

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  9. best ai tool for content writing is Jasper, known for its powerful templates and SEO-friendly outputs. It helps generate blogs, emails, and ad copy quickly. With intuitive controls and natural language flow, Jasper boosts writing productivity, making it perfect for marketers, bloggers, and businesses aiming for high-quality content.

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